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e. L.. HALL. INT ERNAL comausnou ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED MAY 2?. l9l 7 1,322,488. Patented Novi 13, 19 19.

IN V EN TOR. 6605 13107? Hall Y QM A TTOR NE YS.

GEORGE LISTON HALL, OF OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

i Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 18, 1919.

Application filed May 23, 1917. Serial No. 170,767.

-To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE LIsToN HALL, a citizen of Australia, residing at Oakland, in the county of Alameda and State of California, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in internal combustion engines and has as its principal object the construction of a twocycle engine with means for removing the burnt gases at, or near, the end of the expansion stroke.

Another object of the present invention is to so construct the cylinder that the incoming gas is compressed in a chamber other than the crank case, whereby any condensation of the lighter hydrocarbon oils which may take place will not come in contact with the lubricating oil. 7

Heretofore the common practice hasbeen to compress in the crank case before ejecting into the combustion chamber and any condensed or unvaporized liquid fuel would thus come in contact with the oil and lessen the lubricating qualities of the latter so that cutting of the bearings soon took place.

Another object. of the invention is to scavenge the cylinder without the use of auxiliary apparatus other than a suitably de-.

signed mechanically operating exhaust valve, and a still further object of the invention is to introduce the'incoming gas into the cylinder in such a manner that the cylinder walls are evenly cooled and the gas equally dis tributed throughout the combustion chamber.

VViith these and other objects in view, the invention consists of certain novel features of construction, combinations and arrangements of parts hereinafter described and more specifically pointed out in the appended claims; it being understood that changes in form, proportion, size and minor details of construction within the scope of the claims may be resorted to wlthout departing from the spirit of the invention or sacrificing any of the advantages thereof.

Reference being had to the accompanying drawing forming a part of the specification, Figure 1 is a view in vertical section through an engine constructed in accordance with my invention.

Fig. 2 is a view in section substantially on the line 2-2, Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a view in section on the line Fig. l is a View in section on the line 4-4, Fig. 1.

Referring to corresponding parts of the several views by the numerals of reference, my engine consists of the crank case 1 having the bearings 2 wherein is pivotally mounted the crank shaft 3. The crank case comprises the upper portion 4: to which is bolted a bottom portion 5 and extending between the upper part of the former and the bottom of the latter are guide bars 6 on which is slidably mounted the crosshead. 7. Slidably mounted in the latter is a guide block 8 in which the crank pin of the shaft 3 is revolubly mounted.

The power cylinder is denoted generally by 10 and consists of an inner wall and outer wall, between which is the usual water jacket space. The piston 11 is reciprocally mounted in thecylinder and is connected to the upper rail of the crosshead 7 by means of piston rod 12.

As here illustrated, the cylinder is cast separately from the upper part of the crank case and is bolted to the latter as shown at 13.. Thus the upper face of the crank case forms an inclosure for the bottom of the cylinder and provides an inclosed compression space 1%. The piston rod passes through a suitable packing gland 15 which is rendered accessible by'means of the removable plate as 16 in the side of the crank case.

The upper end of the piston is provided with an annular arc shaped passage way 17 from the lower end of which extends an' This passageway angular passageway 18. extends to the face of the piston and registers with the upper end of a passageway 19 formed in the wall of the cylinder when the piston is at or near the end of its outward stroke. Passageway 19 extends to a point ad.- j acent the outer end of the cylinder so that this end is not closed by the piston. Thus at the end of the outward stroke, the gas which may be held in the chamber 14: is admitted to the compression chamber through the passageways 19, 18 and 17.

Denote-d by 20 is a passageway opening into the cylinder and leading to the carbureter or other source of fuel supply. The

opening of this passageway is so positioned that it is uncovered bythe piston when the latter is at the extreme upward end "of its travel. j

On the side of the power cylinder 10 is located an auxiliary cylinder 21 which nay be conveniently referred to as the valveeylinder. Reciprocally mountedin this cylinder is the exhaust valve 22 that is driven by a cam 23 which is keyed or otherwise fastened to the crank shaft 3. p

tigidly attached to the lower end of the valve 22 is a stem 27, the bottomend of whic'his provided with a bifurcated head 28 between the arms of which is pivotally mounted the roller 29 which contacts with the face of cam 23. On the sidesof this head are provided the extensions '30 for cooperation with the guideways '31 and The central bearing 2 is supported by means of web 24; to which the guidew'ay 32 is attache'd, the guideway 31 being formed on the side of the crank case 4:.

As previously stated valve 22 is non-revolubly attached to the stein 27 so that the arrangement of the head 28 in the guide ways, as just described, not only prevents bending of the valve rod due-to the ac-. tion', but also maintains the valve in a fixed circumferential position within the cylin- The lower end of the valve cylinder fits within a recess in the upperend ofa cylindrical extension 35 formed on the case tand a shoulder 36 for the plate 37, against which abuts a spring 38. The other end of this spring rests against the upper part of head 28 and holds the roller 29 on the surface of cam 23;

In the upper end of the cylinder 10 there is provided an exhaust port 40 which extends laterally and embraces the bore of cylinder '21. The valve 22 has inthe lower end an L-shaped passageway 44 which isadapted to be brought into registry with the exhaust openingir to which is connected the flanged exhaust pipe 45. Adjacent the center of the valve 22 is an annular port 42 which is adapted to register with port 450 at the time passageway 44 registers with the exhaust 4:4. The upper and lower portions of the valve are held together by the bridge pieces 42 that extend across the port 42. Frointhe latter extends a passage 43 which converges to the point 41 and then more sharply diverges into the passageway 44'.

The upper part of the piston I prefer to construct with a removable inner core 46 which is provided with the conical end 47 that is substantially concentric with the pas- .the gas below I about to register with v V d w sa'g'eway 50 is about tore'g ster with th'e'botpassing this position the compressed causing this removable tip d8 in which there is a discharge orifice 48. The latter forms a continuation of the -L-shaped; passageway 50 which extends through the core 46 and the wall of the valve opening in the face of the latter some distanc below the upper end thereof.

The valve eyli-nder extends above the top of the engine cylinder and the end is closed by a ribbed cover plate 51. V This cylinder is also provided with a water jacket which communicates with the water jacket of the engine cylinder. At the top of the valve cylinder n-axni grows '52 is provided which extends down the inner surface thereof and is arranged to communicate with the passageway 50.

Denoted by 53 is a passageway extending from the atmosphere to the inside of the is uncovered by the valve when the latter'is in its lowermost position. This admits air at atmospheric pressure to the space above the v piston.

Both the eng'nie cylinder 10 and the Valve cylinder '21 are water jacket'ed, an inlet opening being provided-adjacent the be portion of the water space and anexit opening as 55 provided adjacent the top of the valve cylinder,- v plate of the latter is provided with radiating fins 56 to assist in carrying awaythe heat due to compression above the piston valve.

The operation of this engine is as follows: Assuming an explosion'to have just taken placethe pressure within cylinder 10 drives the piston downwardly and through the crosshead and block rotates the crank shaft As soon as the piston'starts downwardly the opening 20 the piston is compressed. During this doivnwartl stroke of the power istmr'ea-m 23 is rotating ai'icl driving the exhaust valve upwardly and the latter; when it passes opening 58', inclose's a, certain amount of air which pressed. j

he cylinder 1'0 is preferably made relaand in addition, the cover is gradually com tively long in, proportion to its bore so as to utilize to its fullest degree the pressure due tothe combustion of the explosive mixture, and when the piston has completed about two-thirds of its travel, cam 23 has moved the piston valve upwardly until port 42 is port 40 and the pastoin of "groove 52.- on the-earn lug 56 quickly raises the valve 22 and fully opens'the ports to the interior of the cylinder and at the same time the passageway 50 is placed in communication withgas above thepiston valve gas to" flowoutwardly through the groove 52 and passageway 50 and be enter above this piston which,

ejected in the expanding throat of the port 42.

This discharge of gas through the orifice 49 will act as an ejector and create a vacuum in the port 40 and consequently effectively draw out all the burnt products of combustion in the cylinder 10.

The size of passageway 50 is so regulated that a continuous discharge will be maintained during the interval which the roller 27 rides across the cam lug 56. When the roller drops from this lug the port 40 is quickly closed by the action of spring 38 and at the same time the discharge through orifice L9 is cut off. \Vhen the port &0 is closed, the cylinder 10 has been thoroughly scavenged and avacuum produced therein by the ejector action of the discharge port.

The piston continues to travel downwardly and as soon as the exhaust port 1s closed, registry is made by the passageways 18 and 19, whereby the compressed gases in the space l l flow upwardly through passageways 19 and 18 into the cylinder. These gases are evenly distributed around the inner walls of the cylinder which has the efrtect of transferring heat from the cylinder walls to the gases and increasing the ethciency of the engine.

On the upstroke of the engine the gas above the piston is compressed in the usual manner and a vacuum created in chamber 11 which, when the piston reaches its uppermost position and uncovers the inlet 20, causes the atmospheric pressure to rush through the carbureter or other vaporizing device into this chamber.

In the meantime, the exhaust valve has traveled downwardly and opens the port 53 allowing air under atmospheric pressure to on the return stroke, is compressed as previously de scribed.

I claim as new and wish to cover by Letters Patent:

1. A two-cycle internal combustion engine comprising a power cylinder closed at both ends, a piston forming a compression chamber and a combustion chamber, said cylinder and said piston having passageways for passing a charge from said compression chamber to said combustion chamher, an auxiliary cylinder on the side of said power cylinder, a piston valve in said auxiliary cylinder adapted to open the exhaust passageway from said power cylinder, c 11 air compression chamber in said auxiliary cylinder, said auxiliary cylinder and said valve piston having passageways adapted to permit the discharge of air from said air compression chamber into said exhaust passageway during the period when the exhaust from said power cylinder is open.

2. A two-cycle internal combustion engine comprising a valve cylinder, a power cylinder having a port communicating with said valve cylinder, a piston valve in said valve cylinder, said piston valve having an exhaust gas passageway adapted to register with said port at predetermined intervals, said valve cylinder having a compression chamber, a discharge nozzle opening into said exhaust gas passageway, and said valve piston having a passageway to permit the discharge of gas from said compression chamber through said nozzle into said passa-geway.

3. A two-cycle internal combustion engine comprising a valve cylinder, a power cylinder having exhaust port communicating with said valve cylinder, a piston valve in said valve cylinder forming a compressionchamber in the closed end of said valve cylinder, said valve having an annular port formed therein adapted to register with said exhaust port and having a passageway extending from said port first in a converging manner and then in a diverging manner, a discharge nozzle positioned concentrically in the converging portion of said passage way and having a passageway adapted to be placed in communication with said compression chamber when said ports are in registry.

4s. A two-cycle intenal combustion engine comprising a valve cylinder, a power cylinder having an exhaust port communicating with said valve cylinder, a piston valve in said valve cylinder having an exhaust passageway adapted to be brought into registry with said port at predetermined in it, als, an ejector nozzle in said'passageway and means for supplying compressed gas to said nozzle during the interval when said port and said passageway are in registry.

5. A two cycle internal combustion engine comprising a valve cylinder having a closed end, a power cylinder having a port communicating with the valve cylinder, a piston valve in said valve cylinder said valve having a passageway adapted to register with said port, and said valve being adapted to compress air in the closed end of said valve cylinder, discharge nozzle opening int-o said passageway and having a discharge passageway, said valve cylinder having an air intake opening adapted to be uncovered by said valve when in its outer position, and a passageway communicatin with said compression chamber adapted to register with said discharge passageway when said piston is in its inner position.

6. An internal combustion engine comprising a power cylinder, a valve cylinder having a closed end, a piston in said valve cylinder forming a compression chamber in the closed end thereof, said cylinders having an exhaust port communicating therebetween and said piston having a constricted passageway adapted to be brought into registry with the portv aforesaid, an ejectornozzle concentrically disposed in said passageway, and means for Connecting said nozzle with said compression chamber.

7. An. internal combustion engine comprisingia valve cylinder closed at one end, a power cylinder having a port communi eating with said valve cylinder, a piston valve reciprocable in said Valve cylinder and forming a compression chamber in the 7 way, said valve andsaid valve cylinder hav-' ing passageways adapted to be brought into registry to place SBJClICOIIlPlBSSlOH chamber in communication with said nozzle.

ture.

GEORGE LISTON HALL.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signa- 20 

